Command Line – GRUB 2

A boot manager is almost as much of the Linux tradition as compiling a custom kernel. Traditionally, a boot manager has been used for choosing a kernel to start and for running multiple operating systems on a single computer. However, at a time when everybody is becoming security conscious, few are aware that GRUB 2, the most popular boot manager, is also capable of using passwords and encryption to provide another level of security [1]. Admittedly, GRUB 2 security is not enough by itself, but it is still worth adding to your in-depth defenses.

GRUB 2 has existed for well over a decade and is rapidly replacing GRUB Legacy, the original version of the boot manager, especially in major distributions. As a result, its basic operation and traditional uses are reasonably well-known. However, before I dive into setting up passwords and encryption, a quick overview is useful, both as a reminder and as an introduction for those who might be still using GRUB Legacy or another boot manager, like the now discontinued LILO.

GRUB 2 has configuration files in several places. The first is the /boot/grub/ directory, which contains grub.cfg, the main configuration file. However, unlike GRUB Legacy, the main configuration file is not edited directly. Neither are the config files for each menu item that are stored in /boot. Instead, GRUB 2 is updated automatically when a kernel is added or deleted from the system or when the user runs the command update-grub, which creates the menu list of available kernels and operating systems. Resources such as the background image are also generally stored in /boot/grub/, although they can be stored in another path.

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