Low-code programming offers faster development with a modular design
Time Saver
To help speed up the development process, many companies are turning to low-code or no-code platforms that let non-programmers create their own applications.
Demand for enterprise software is higher than ever before, and the recent rise of cloud computing means this demand will continue to grow for the foreseeable future. In 2019, International Data Corporation (IDC) forecasted a need for 500 million new digital applications by 2023 [1]. If you're wondering whether the world has enough coders to deliver such a massive quantity of software, you are not alone.
The need for new software, and the shortage of programming talent (not to mention the high cost) has given rise to a new kind of programming. Low-code platforms let the user select code modules within a graphical interface. The modules are mainly aimed at providing a kind of basic framework for the more generic parts of the application code. Many low-code platforms even allow the user to combine the individual modules via drag-and-drop. Users can customize the graphically displayed program step by step and then extend it with passages of DIY code as needed.
Today, low-code platforms are an important option for accelerating software development and shifting some of the load out of the IT department. One important benefit of low-code development is that, by simplifying the programming process, low-code empowers the subject matter expert to play a greater role in software development. However, despite the extensive simplifications compared to conventional software development, the use of low-code isn't always totally straightforward. As a rule, users need at least some basic IT skills. Another recent programming paradigm known as no-code lowers the bar still further, allowing users with no programming background at all to get in the game (see the box entitled "No-Code for Non-Coders").
No-Code for Non-Coders
No-code platforms empower non-programmers to create their own applications. These platforms take the barrier to entry down even farther than low-code. The user interface is focused on graphical building blocks and drag-and-drop, with a view to making its use more intuitive.
Unlike low-code, no-code does not require any code of its own in principle. The user pieces together a workflow or application, and then the code is generated on the platform's back end. Further customization is possible via the user interface, and the changes are then transferred back into the hidden code. Typical examples of scenarios for no-code programming include automated invoice verification and order acceptance, as well as processing of open item lists.
The speed of no-code development offers enormous potential for immediately casting new business cases in software – either for demonstration purposes or for directly deployable minimum viable products (MVPs), and many extensive enterprise applications are created by pure no-coding. The number of complex use cases and even enterprise applications has grown considerably in recent years – including ERP and CRM systems, as well as purchasing platforms and quality management systems.
Via Drag-and-Drop to the API
One of the reasons for the emergence of low-code and no-code programming is that business environments, manufacturing pipelines, and IT infrastructures in general have come to resemble a series of discrete components stitched together through program code (Figure 1). The low-code metaphor of building with building blocks fits easily into this paradigm.
Implementing Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) is often just as complicated as developing the actual software. Many low- and no-code platforms provide a simple solution. You can create the required APIs and then connect them using straightforward drag-and-drop techniques. For example, you can define the data fields required for a web interface that will initiate the API endpoint when the necessary data arrives. Using an API request, another application can then execute processes based on predefined logic.
Many low- and no-code platforms act as a middleware layer that glues large parts of the enterprise communication together (Figure 2). Thanks to web-based REST APIs, versatile data formats, and a wide variety of connectors, legacy and third-party systems no longer pose an obstacle. Even the migration from various legacy databases becomes a background process. A well-connected API ecosystem can incorporate diverse production assets, and large parts of the data transfer between trading partners are increasingly automated through APIs.
Application Case: Printing Industry
The type of flexibility offered by low-code and no-code platforms is particularly evident in operations that have very specific scalability and data-processing requirements. One example of this scenario is the printing industry. The industry is currently subject to rapid digital change, and transformation often takes place in many small individual steps. As a result, the infrastructure is often highly fragmented. In addition, countless small orders requiring tiny data portions (such as a customer address) often need to be collected or sent to production. For these reasons, low-code and no-code platforms have become a very popular in print shops.
From the initial contact with the customer to production, large chunks of the data transfer can occur through API connections. This starts with an e-commerce system that handles the front end and payment processing, followed by a print-on-demand order arriving at the press, and ending with packaging and a shipping label. Without this high level of automation, especially in administrative processes, many companies would face economic problems in times of declining demand. A low-code programming environment can quickly adapt the underlying software as needed when conditions change. That was the case, for example, in the COVID-19 pandemic, when printers lost a large portion of their conventional orders for things like menus or wedding invitations. Individual companies succeeded in using low-code and no-code techniques to adapt the process for creating alternatives products, such as posters and custom jigsaw puzzles. This kind of flexibility could prove to be a decisive factor for future companies competing in a changing market.
Conclusions and Outlook
The shortage of professional programmers and the huge demand for custom software mean that low-code and no-code platforms will continue to serve an important role. AI-supported troubleshooting, as well as emerging techniques such as voice input, will further expand the reach of visual programming in software development.
Market researchers at Gartner [2] predict that the volume of the low-code sector will grow by almost 20 percent to $26.9 billion in 2023. Development platforms that serve this need are expected to make up the largest and fastest-growing segment. Researchers also predict that, by 2026, around three quarters of all new applications will be based on low-code or no-code.
Of course, low-code/no-code technology is not a panacea. Users typically need a high level of process knowledge and at least some basic IT skills. In addition, the generic nature of the code modules limits the functionality of low-code/no-code techniques in highly differentiated business cases. In the coming years, the task for platform developers will be to further expand the possible uses for low-code/no-code programming without impairing the user experience.
Infos
- "DC FutureScape Outlines the Impact 'Digital Supremacy' Will Have on Enterprise Transformation and the IT Industry," Business Wire, October 29, 2019, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191029005144/en/IDC-FutureScape-Outlines-the-Impact-Digital-Supremacy-Will-Have-on-Enterprise-Transformation-and-the-IT-Industry
- "Gartner Forecasts Worldwide Low-Code Development Technologies Market to Grow 20% in 2023," December 13, 2022, https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2022-12-13-gartner-forecasts-worldwide-low-code-development-technologies-market-to-grow-20-percent-in-2023
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