Command-line tools for monitoring system access

Linux lets multiple users work in parallel. With multiple users on the system, the system administrator needs a means for monitoring user activity to watch for unusual behavior and to keep tabs on how the system is being used.

In this article, I describe some simple command-line tools that help the admin quickly identify strange behavior and ensure a stable operations.

Users on Your System

The /etc/passwd file contains user account settings (Listing 1). The lines start with the login name, followed by the user and group IDs, the user's real name, the user's home directory, and the program that automatically launches after successful authentication (typically the /bin/sh or the /bin/bash login shell.

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