Dstat, NetHogs, and nload
Charly's Column – Traffic Monitors
Every sys admin has a few favorite tools that they always carry with them, if only because they do not want to be without these often overlooked treasures. The gems dangling from Charly's key ring include Dstat, NetHogs, and nload.
On my laptop there is a list of topics I want to write about in the near or distant future. There are tools, tricks, and hacks that I often and gladly use, but which I cannot convert into enough text for a whole column. This explains why three small utilities share this column today.
Dstat
Let's start with Dstat [1]. Last issue, I described how to get details about the installed hardware (especially RAM) from Linux. I was promptly asked how to detect "hogs" as quickly and easily as possible – processes that grab resources (such as CPU, RAM, etc.) without so much as a by your leave. I will keep this short, because I have already written about this topic [2]. My secret weapon looks like this:
# dstat -cdn -D sda -N enp2s0 -C total --top-cpu --top-io --top-mem -f 5
Every second, this displays which processes are generating the highest CPU, memory, and I/O load (Figure 1). This command has saved me from working late dozens of times.

NetHogs
Unfortunately, Dstat does not show you which process is generating the most network traffic at the moment. NetHogs [3] fills this gap. On machines with multiple interfaces, it only needs the name of the desired network interface as a parameter. If not specified, it grabs the first interface that is not called localhost
.
A list of all processes that send or receive network packets appears (Figure 2). I use the R and S keys to tell Dstat to sort this by incoming and outgoing traffic respectively. NetHogs has a nice graphical add-on, HogWatch [4], that visualizes the data. Unfortunately, HogWatch is no longer actively maintained.

nload
If you want to see a meaningful net load curve, but don't want to use a graphical tool, nload [5] will do the job. The following command draws the current net load level with cursors on the console:
# nload -t 1000 -o 10000
The -t 1000
parameter specifies the update interval in milliseconds (default: 500ms). -o 10000
tells the tool to cap the graph at 10Mbps, because nload scales it to the interface's maximum speed (Figure 3). If you have a gigabit or faster interface, but a low load, you simply will not see it.

Infos
- Dstat: https://github.com/dagwieers/dstat
- "The sys admin's daily grind: Dstat" by Charly Kühnast, Linux Magazine, issue 150, May 2013, p. 65
- NetHogs: https://github.com/raboof/nethogs
- HogWatch: https://github.com/akshayKMR/hogwatch
- nload: https://github.com/rolandriegel/nload
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