Secure communication over the unreliable UDP transport with DTLS
TCP/IP is at the heart of the Internet, and the Transport layer is at the heart of TCP/IP. The Transport layer is responsible for end-to-end connections between the sender and receiver over a TCP/IP network. The two most common Transport layer protocols are Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Nearly all Internet traffic uses either TCP or UDP.
TCP is connection-oriented, which means that a connection between the client and server is established before data can be sent. The TCP protocol provides reliable ordering and error-checked delivery. UDP is a connectionless protocol, which means it provides only minimal information and has no handshaking procedure. UDP does not offer a guarantee of ordering or delivery. Of course, the brevity of UDP makes it much faster than the steady and careful TCP, so applications that don't require a high level of reliability tend to use UDP.
TCP and UDP were created in more innocent days of an Internet, when networks did not face the security challenges we deal with today. The Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol (and its predecessor SSL) were developed to provide encryption for communication security at the Transport layer. TLS offers privacy and data integrity between two communicating network nodes; however, it requires a reliable transport protocol, which means it won't work with the simple and unreliable UDP. TLS assumes that the packets arrive in the correct order, which TCP ensures but UDP does not.
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